学龄段语用能力的文献研究

目的了解学龄段语用能力在我国的发展现状及发展特点。方法采用文献计量学方法,以频次和百分比为主要统计方式,从我国学龄段语用能力研究论文的时间分布、研究主题、研究方法、研究对象、关键词等指标入手定量分析研究文献。结果1990年~2019年,30年共积累了140篇文献。首篇文章发表于1990年,2005~2009年达到第一高峰期(33篇),增长率23.57%,其后文献量逐年递增,至2015~2019年,年文献量49篇,增长率35.00%。从研究主题的总体分布看,理论研究的文献数量占64.30%,实践研究的文献数量占32.84%,相关的文献综述研究只占2.8%;从研究方法看,定性研究文献占文献总量的75%;定量研究文献占25%;从研究对象看,主要研究对象为正常学生,只有1篇针对特殊人群的文献,占0.7%。结论我国学龄段语用能力研究文献数量在逐年增长,伴随我国学龄段语用研究的不断深入,尚需进行更加多元化、专业化的研究,扩大研究对象,关注特殊人群。     

基于文献的失眠症中医证候和证素分布规律研究

目的基于文献研究,探讨失眠症的中医证候要素分布规律。方法通过检索中国知网数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普全文期刊数据库2009年1月至2018年12月中医药期刊文献所报道的治疗失眠症相关文献,收集统计失眠症中医证候并提取证素信息,利用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计描述分析。结果(1)共检出文献653篇,符合要求317篇,整理后规范证名得到44种中医证候,其中以心脾两虚证、痰热内扰证、肝郁化火证、阴虚火旺证、心肾不交证等频次较高。(2)证素组合规律中以两证素、三证素、四证素组合为主。(3)在单一病性证素中以热(火)、气虚、血虚、阴虚等频次较高;病位证素以肝、心、脾、肾等频次较高。(4)在证素组合时以热(火)+肝、气虚+血虚+心+脾、热(火)+痰、热(火)+阴虚等频次较高。结论失眠症的主要病理因素以热(火)、气虚、血虚、阴虚为主,病位主要以肝、心、脾、肾为主。     

Scholastic achievement among children enrolled in the Seychelles Child Development Study

The Seychelles Child Development Study is a longitudinal cohort study following a group of 779 children exposed prenatally to methyl mercury (MeHg) through a maternal diet high in fish. The cohort has been examined six times beginning in infancy with no consistent evidence of adverse effects. In fact, their performance resembles what would be expected from normal children of comparable ages growing up in western cultures. During a neurodevelopment assessment at 66 months, the children were tested for scholastic achievement using the Woodcock Johnson Tests of Achievement. Their reading scores were depressed relative to US norms while arithmetic scores were within normal limits. This disparity was not evident at 107 months; in fact, reading achievement scores far exceeded expected performance relative to US norms, with over 75% of the cohort obtaining scores at or above the 90th percentile. This study reports a secondary analysis of the scholastic achievement data to test the hypothesis that the results obtained in the primary analysis were probably due to the onset of the primary school curriculum between the first and second testing, and not to inherent cognitive deficits among the children at 66 months. The results suggest that a combination of reading instruction and characteristically consistent letter-sound relationships in Creole, the language spoken at home by the majority of Seychellois families, probably accounted for the high achievement scores at 107 months.     

人工智能辅助系统在宫颈病变细胞学诊断中的应用效果研究

目的：分析人工智能(AI)辅助系统在宫颈病变细胞学诊断中的应用效果。方法：收集宫颈液基薄层细胞学(TCT)标本2 719例，同时进行AI辅助阅片和人工阅片，比较两者的一致性。以活体组织检查结果为金标准，比较AI辅助阅片和人工阅片的准确性，诊断高级别病变及癌的敏感性、特异性及ROC曲线下面积。结果：AI辅助阅片和人工阅片的细胞学分级诊断结果基本一致。AI辅助阅片在诊断低级别病变及炎症的准确率高于人工阅片(P<0.01)。在诊断高级别病变及癌方面，AI辅助阅片敏感性为82.1%，高于人工阅片的敏感性48.3%；AI辅助阅片特异度为94.3%，略低于人工阅片的特异度95.0%；AI辅助阅片的ROC曲线下面积为0.882，大于人工阅片的ROC曲线下面积0.717(P<0.01)。结论：AI辅助阅片在宫颈癌诊断方面准确度较高，不仅能提高宫颈癌筛查的覆盖率，而且能提高筛查质量，能够在广大人群中得到广泛推广。     

Stroop interference associated with efficient reading fluency and prelexical orthographic processing

The Stroop Color–Word Test involves a dynamic interplay between reading and executive functioning that elicits intuitions of word reading automaticity. One such intuition is that strong reading skills (i.e., more automatized word reading) play a disruptive role within the test, contributing to Stroop interference. However, evidence has accumulated that challenges this intuition. The present study examined associations among Stroop interference, reading skills (i.e., isolated word identification, grapheme-to-phoneme mapping, phonemic awareness, reading fluency) measured on standardized tests, and orthographic skills measured on experimental computerized tasks. Among university students (N = 152), correlational analyses showed greater Stroop interference to be associated with (a) relatively low scores on all standardized reading tests, and (b) longer response latencies on orthographic tasks. Hierarchical regression demonstrated that reading fluency and prelexical orthographic processing predicted unique and significant variance in Stroop interference beyond baseline rapid naming. Results suggest that strong reading skills, including orthographic processing, play a supportive role in resolving Stroop interference.     

体验式学习在护理临床教学中的应用研究进展

<正>体验式学习(experiential learning)是指学生从日常生活或他人构建的程序里获得亲身体验,之后进行反思、概括、讨论、评价等活动,最终产生新的认识、情感以及行动,并在实践中加以检验、运用,以指导后续行为的过程或能力[1]。20世纪80年代,Kolb系统阐述了体验式学习理论,该理论指出每名学生都有其最适合的学习方式,可通过学习方式调查表(Learning Styles Inventory,LSI)     

纤维样肾小球病一例报道及文献复习

目的 通过对一例纤维样肾小球病(fibrillary glomerulopathy,FGP)患者的临床和病理资料进行分析,探讨其发病机制、临床表现、诊断、治疗及预后.方法 回顾性分析一例纤维样肾小球病患者的临床表现,并将患者肾穿刺组织进行光镜、免疫荧光、电镜检查,通过以上数据,并结合相关文献系统复习纤维样肾小球病的临床特征.结果 通过其临床表现,肾组织病理学检查,特别是电镜诊断本例为纤维样肾小球病.临床表现多为大量蛋白尿、镜下血尿和高血压等.电镜的检查结果是诊断纤维样肾小球病的主要依据.其主要特点是纤维样物质呈弥漫性或团块状分布于肾小球系膜区和(或)肾小球基底膜,排列紊乱,无规律,纤维僵直,一般无分支.该病预后差,大约50％的患者2～4年内进展为终末期肾脏疾病.结论 电镜结合刚果红染色是诊断纤维样肾小球病的重要方法,该病发病率较低,病理生理机制仍不清楚,预后不佳,目前缺乏较为有效的治疗措施.